SONABY-TECH

Security attacks break the security barrier of the network and access the network resources . There are two types of security attacks carried on a network. Passive Attack - Defines an attack where an attacker just monitors the network. The attackers aim is not to alter the traffic but to just monitor what information is being transmitted over a network. This compromises the confidentiality of the data being transmitted. At any moment , the attacker can capture the traffic. Types of Security Attacks on Network  Active Attack - Defines an attack in which an attacker causes damage to the data being transmitted over a network. The attacker deletes ,  adds or alters information that is being transmitted over the network. The purpose of security attacks is to violate the protection over the network and to access the network traffic and resources. The other types of attacks that are carried over a network are as follows: Denial of Service (DOS) - Defines the most o...

I am sure that you are so excited to know the  TOP 10 FACTS ABOUT INTERNET USAGE.! TOP 10 Facts About Internet Usage  - More than 2.4 billion users around world surf Internet in a month - Internet connection still not available around in 18 countries. - Asia has 36% of Internet users. - About 15 hours of video content are uploaded to you-tube from around the world each minute. - There are about 2.4 billion internet users,50% of them users are on Facebook. -The first ever Email was sent by Ray Tomilinson in 1971.He is a US programmer who invented the email system. - There was a free email service which later Google acquired....Yes! it was G-mail. :) - Every month, Google search handles 100 billion searches. Which means around 40000 searches in   every second.! - The first website is http://infor.cern.ch . It was created on August 6,1991 - WWW become more popular after launching " mosaic " browser in 1993. - Archie is considered to be the first search en...

IPv6 Advantages over IPv4 You should know this IPv4 and IPv6 address can easily identified. An IPv4 address uses 32 bit whereas IPv6 address 128 bits. Many of the companies they started moving to IPv6 from IPv4 so that we must know what is IPv6 and what are the advantages. Example for IPv6 unicast , 21cd:0053:0000:0000:03ad:003f:af37:8d62. 3 Types of IPv6 Address types: 1- Unicast 2- Anycast 3-Multicast Let us look into the advantages of IPv6 over IPv4. Increased address space : IPv6 provides address for every device which needs to have a unique public IPv6 address. In IPv6 64bit host portion address can be automatically generated from the network adapter hardware. Automatic Address Configuration : IPv6 deals with the need for simpler and more automatic address configuration by supporting both stateful and stateless address configuration. Network Level Security - Communication over the internet requires encryption to protect data from being viewed or modif...

         Routers communicates with each other using Routing protocols. The protocols help routers to learn the network topology and changes that occur in the network topology . routing protocols use routing algorithms to decide the best output path for the received packet. Routing algorithm is a part of network layer software and should be correct, stable and simple. It should decide the perfect path for the packet depending on the network topology and traffic. For finding the best path, router considers number of hops, time delay and communication cost of the packet transmission.    A large Internet is divided into groups of networks called as Autonomous System -AS . An AS consists of network groups and routers which are managed by  a single organization. Interior routing is used within AS, whereas, Exterior routing provides routing between two ASs. Protocol Diagram :

        Routers maintain routing tables that provide information about the path from router to the destination.In Windows Operating system, there are two commands available that allow you to view the routing table.                - NETSTAT -  Allows the users to check the network configuration. It is to display protocol statistics and current TCP/IP network connections.There are several switches associated with this command.                  * Netstat - n   - Used to display all the addresses and port numbers in the form of numbers.                  * Netstat - r    -  Used to display the routing table.               - ROUTE PRINT - Allows the user to view the current routing table. This command is similar to Nestat -t      The routing table generally c...

Post Office Protocol (POP): - Best of you use only one computer to check email (Office users) - Downloads your email to the particular computer you are checking it on. - Allows you to keep a large size of email messages only limited by the size of your computer. - Does not have web interface - New messages are downloaded in their entirety ; you have to wait for the message to download. - Clients connect to email server only for the time it takes to download any new messages.  - Assumes that the currently connected client is the only client connected to the mailbox. - Simple protocol and easy to configure. - Less server loads and less costs for ISP and end users. - Searching through mailbox does not depend on mail server resources. http://sonaby-tech.blogspot.in/ Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP):   - Best if you use many different computers to check your email (mobile users) - Your m...

        I n computing , a protocol is a set of rules used by computers to communicate with each other across a network. It sets a standard that controls or enables the connection, communication and data transfer between computing endpoints.   For example, HTTP and HTTPS are protocols used for communications over the Internet.  Similarly, VOIP also communicates using standard protocols and they are;   H.323 Protocols :        H.323 is an umbrella recommendation from the International Telecommunications union ( ITU ). It defines the protocols to provide audio-visual  communication sessions on any packet network. The H.323 standard address call signaling and control, multimedia transport and control and bandwidth control for point-to-point and multi-point conferences. SIP Protocols:     Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) is a signaling protocol. It is used for controlling multimedi...